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Record count: 207

SRC-ABBATE-VT: Janet Abbate Virginia Tech Faculty Profile

Official Virginia Tech faculty profile for Janet Abbate describing her research on internet and computing history.

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SRC-ABDO-KNIGHT: Alex Abdo Knight Institute Biography

Official Knight First Amendment Institute biography for litigation director Alex Abdo.

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SRC-ACLU-CONTACT: American Civil Liberties Union Contact Page

Official ACLU contact page with public mailing address, phone numbers, affiliate guidance, and donor/member contact information.

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SRC-ACLU-HISTORY: American Civil Liberties Union History Page

Official ACLU history page describing the organization's founding context and civil liberties mission.

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SRC-AL-HB161-ENROLLED: Alabama HB 161 Enrolled — App Store Accountability Act

Official Alabama enrolled HB 161 text requiring app-store age verification and parental consent frameworks, effective January 1, 2027, with Attorney General rulemaking.

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SRC-ALSTON-UTAH-ASAA-DISMISSAL-2026: Alston & Bird — Challenge to Utah ASAA Voluntarily Dismissed (April 2026)

Law-firm client alert describing CCIA’s February 2026 First Amendment challenge to Utah’s App Store Accountability Act and voluntary dismissal on April 21, 2026 after HB 498 delayed obligations to May 6, 2027 and removed AG enforcement.

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SRC-AP-DUROV-FSB-2026: AP News — Russia Accuses Telegram CEO Pavel Durov of Aiding Terrorism

Associated Press report that Russia's FSB charged Pavel Durov with aiding terrorism, alleged Telegram failed to remove channels used for sabotage and terrorism, and placed him on international wanted lists.

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SRC-BBC-DUROV-FSB-2026: BBC News — Russia Charges Telegram Founder Pavel Durov with Facilitating Terrorism

BBC report that Russia's FSB charged Pavel Durov with facilitating terrorism over alleged Ukrainian recruitment and coordination on Telegram, and that an international arrest warrant was issued.

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SRC-BERNERS-LEE-W3C: Tim Berners-Lee W3C Biography

Official W3C biography for Sir Tim Berners-Lee describing his invention of the World Wide Web and academic appointments at MIT and Oxford.

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SRC-BERNSTEIN-EFF: Bernstein v. US Dept. of Justice EFF Case Page

EFF case page documenting the history and significance of Bernstein v. DOJ.

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SRC-BERNSTEIN-EFF-25: EFF at 25 - Remembering the Case that Established Code as Speech

EFF retrospective article on the significance of Bernstein v. DOJ in establishing code as speech and changing encryption export regulations.

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SRC-BERNSTEIN-JUSTIA: Bernstein v. United States Department of Justice, 176 F.3d 1132 (9th Cir. 1999) (Justia)

Justia reproduction of the Ninth Circuit opinion in Bernstein v. DOJ.

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SRC-BHANDARI-ACLU: Esha Bhandari ACLU Staff Biography

Official ACLU biography for Esha Bhandari, Director of the Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project.

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SRC-BLAZE-GEORGETOWN: Matt Blaze Georgetown Faculty Profile

Georgetown University faculty profile for Matt Blaze describing his research in cryptography, secure systems, and trust management.

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SRC-BOOKER-SURVEILLANCE-ADVERTISING: Booker Announces Introduction of Bill to Ban Surveillance Advertising

Press release from Senator Cory Booker's office announcing the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act.

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SRC-BOYD-MSR: danah boyd Microsoft Research Profile

Microsoft Research profile and institutional announcements for danah boyd describing her role as partner researcher and work on social media, algorithmic bias, and youth online behavior.

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SRC-BROWN-V-EMA-GOVINFO: Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn., 564 U.S. 786 (2011) (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo United States Reports record for Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn.

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SRC-BROWN-V-EMA-LII: Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn., 564 U.S. 786 (2011) (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute full text of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn., the Supreme Court decision striking down a California restriction on violent video game sales to minors.

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SRC-BUSH-FISA-SIGNING-2008: White House — President Bush Signs FISA Amendments Act of 2008

George W. Bush White House archive statement dated July 10, 2008 announcing the signing of the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, including telecom-assistance lawsuit protections.

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SRC-CA-AB-1043-STATUS: California AB 1043 Bill Status — Chaptered October 13, 2025

Official California bill status page showing AB 1043 (Digital Age Assurance Act / age verification signals) chaptered by the Secretary of State as Chapter 675, Statutes of 2025, on October 13, 2025.

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SRC-CA-CIV-1798-500-DIGITAL-AGE-ASSURANCE: California Civil Code Title 1.81.9 — Digital Age Assurance Act (leginfo)

Official California Legislative Information text of Civil Code §§ 1798.500–1798.505 (Digital Age Assurance Act), requiring OS age interfaces and age-bracket signals to apps, operative January 1, 2027.

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SRC-CA5-SB2420-STAY-ORDER: Fifth Circuit — Stay Pending Appeal of SB 2420 Preliminary Injunctions (June 4, 2026)

Published Fifth Circuit order staying universal preliminary injunctions against Texas SB 2420 in consolidated appeals including CCIA v. Paxton, No. 26-50001, filed June 4, 2026.

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SRC-CARPENTER-GOVINFO: Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. 296 (2018) (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo United States Reports record for Carpenter v. United States.

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SRC-CARPENTER-LII: Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. 296 (2018) (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for the Supreme Court decision on Fourth Amendment protection for historical cell-site location records.

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SRC-CCIA-SB2420-LITIGATION-PAGE: CCIA Litigation Page — CCIA v. Paxton (W.D. Tex.)

Computer & Communications Industry Association case page summarizing the SB 2420 challenge timeline, including the December 2025 injunction, June 2026 Fifth Circuit stay, and July 2026 Supreme Court denial of an emergency application to vacate the stay.

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SRC-CCIA-V-PAXTON-PI-ORDER: CCIA v. Paxton — Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (W.D. Tex. Dec. 23, 2025)

Western District of Texas order in Computer & Communications Industry Association v. Paxton, No. 1:25-CV-1660-RP, granting a preliminary injunction against enforcement of Texas SB 2420.

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SRC-CDT-ABOUT: Center for Democracy and Technology About Page

Official about page of the Center for Democracy and Technology describing its mission and nonprofit status.

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SRC-CDT-WHO: Center for Democracy and Technology Who We Are Page

Official who-we-are page of CDT describing organizational focus and values.

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SRC-CERF-GOOGLE: Vinton G. Cerf Google Research Profile

Google Research profile for Vinton G. Cerf describing his role as Chief Internet Evangelist and co-designer of TCP/IP.

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SRC-CFA-HOME: Committee for the First Amendment Homepage

Official homepage of the Committee for the First Amendment describing its mission, joint statement, and timeline of press and creative-expression events.

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SRC-CFA-JOIN: Committee for the First Amendment Join Page

Official join page inviting entertainment-industry colleagues to sign the Committee's statement.

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SRC-CFA-RELAUNCH-CNN: Jane Fonda Relaunches Committee for the First Amendment (CNN)

CNN reporting on Jane Fonda's October 2025 relaunch of the Committee for the First Amendment, including signatory count and historical context.

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SRC-CHATRIE-LII: Chatrie v. United States, No. 25-112 (June 29, 2026) (Cornell LII)

Cornell LII page for the Supreme Court decision holding that police conduct a Fourth Amendment search when they acquire an individual’s Google Location History data via a geofence warrant process; vacated and remanded on warrant reasonableness questions.

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SRC-CHATRIE-SCOTUS-PDF: Chatrie v. United States, No. 25-112 (June 29, 2026) (Supreme Court slip opinion PDF)

Official Supreme Court slip opinion PDF for Chatrie v. United States (geofence / Location History Fourth Amendment search holding; vacated and remanded).

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SRC-CHESTEK-ABOUT: Pamela Chestek About Page

Official Chestek Legal about page for attorney Pamela Chestek's trademark, copyright, and open source practice.

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SRC-CLARKE-DDISRS-1999: A Distributed Decentralised Information Storage and Retrieval System

Ian Clarke's 1999 University of Edinburgh undergraduate report describing a decentralized key-indexed storage and retrieval system that became the foundation for Freenet (later Hyphanet).

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SRC-CLARKE-FREENET-BIO: Ian Clarke — Freenet Project Biography

Official Freenet project biography for Ian Clarke describing him as Freenet's creator and Freenet Project Inc. president, and summarizing education, publications, and the 2023 relaunch.

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SRC-CLARKE-FREENET-PAPER-2001: Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System

2001 workshop paper by Clarke, Sandberg, Wiley, and Hong describing Freenet's anonymous peer-to-peer storage and retrieval design goals and architecture.

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SRC-COHN-EFF-BIO: Cindy Cohn EFF Staff Biography

Official EFF biography page for Cindy Cohn documenting her role and career history. Original URL now returns 403; archived copy available.

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SRC-COHN-EFF-DEPARTURE: EFF Press Release - Cindy Cohn Stepping Down

EFF press release announcing Cindy Cohn's departure as Executive Director after 25 years with the organization.

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SRC-COHN-FOSSFORCE: FOSS Force - Cohn Returns to the Courtroom

FOSS Force article reporting Cindy Cohn's plan to return to courtroom litigation after departing as EFF Executive Director.

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SRC-COIN-CENTER-YELLEN-NDFLA-2023: Coin Center v. Yellen, No. 3:22-cv-20375 (N.D. Fla. Oct. 30, 2023)

Northern District of Florida summary-judgment opinion upholding OFAC’s Tornado Cash designation.

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SRC-COOLEY-TECH: Cooley Technology Industry Practice Page

Official Cooley LLP practice page describing the firm's technology industry representation.

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U.S. Copyright Office index page for Section 512 of the Copyright Act, including safe harbor and notice-and-takedown guidance.

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SRC-CORLEY-LII: Universal City Studios v. Corley Opinion Text (Open Casebook)

Text of the Second Circuit opinion in Universal City Studios v. Corley, 273 F.3d 429 (2d Cir. 2001).

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SRC-COURTLISTENER-TUNICK-DOCKET: CourtListener Docket — United States v. Tunick (1:25-cr-00499)

CourtListener docket page for United States v. Tunick in the Northern District of Georgia, including indictment, not-guilty plea, and motion-to-suppress hearing entries.

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SRC-DIFFIE-CISAC: Whitfield Diffie Stanford CISAC Profile

Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation profile for Whitfield Diffie describing public-key cryptography and policy work.

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SRC-DOJ-SKLYAROV-AGREE-2001: DOJ — Sklyarov Enters Agreement in First DMCA Criminal Case (Dec. 13, 2001)

DOJ Cybercrime archive press release on Dmitry Sklyarov’s deferred-prosecution agreement in the first DMCA criminal case.

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SRC-DOJ-SKLYAROV-INDICTMENT-2001: DOJ — First DMCA Indictment Against Sklyarov and Elcomsoft (Aug. 28, 2001)

Archived DOJ press release announcing the first DMCA criminal indictment against Dmitry Sklyarov and Elcomsoft Co. Ltd.

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SRC-DOJ-STORM-CONVICTION-2025: SDNY National Security Page — Roman Storm Conviction Note (Aug. 2025)

U.S. Attorney’s Office SDNY page stating Roman Storm was convicted in August 2025 of conspiring to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business.

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SRC-DOJ-STORM-INDICTMENT: United States v. Storm / Semenov Indictment (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 2023)

DOJ-hosted indictment charging Roman Storm and Roman Semenov with money-laundering, unlicensed money-transmitting, and IEEPA conspiracies related to Tornado Cash.

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SRC-DRAKETO-DECENTRALIZED-MODERATION: Arne Babenhauserheide — The Path Towards Decentralized Moderation

Essay arguing that Hyphanet/Freenet could not use centralized moderation and instead propagated user blocking through Web of Trust mechanisms so disruption would not scale better than defense.

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SRC-DRAKETO-WOT-FRIENDLY-2018: Arne Babenhauserheide — Hyphanet Web of Trust Keeps Communication Friendly

2018 essay by Hyphanet contributor Arne Babenhauserheide arguing that Frost forums collapsed under anonymous spam and that Web of Trust systems restored constructive communication.

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SRC-EFF-ABOUT: Electronic Frontier Foundation About Page

Official EFF about page describing the organization's mission, history, and nonprofit status.

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SRC-EFF-BLOGGERS-IP: EFF Legal Guide for Bloggers — Intellectual Property

Electronic Frontier Foundation guide explaining fair use, DMCA takedown and counter-notice procedures, and related intellectual property questions for online creators.

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SRC-EFF-CONTACT: Electronic Frontier Foundation Contact Page

Official EFF contact page with public legal assistance, general information, press, membership, and headquarters contact paths.

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SRC-EFF-SKLYAROV-CASE: EFF Case Page — US v. ElcomSoft / Sklyarov

EFF case page documenting the Sklyarov/ElcomSoft DMCA prosecution, deferred prosecution of Sklyarov, and related materials.

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SRC-EPIC-ABOUT: EPIC About Page

Official Electronic Privacy Information Center about page describing its privacy, free expression, and litigation mission.

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SRC-EPIC-CONTACT: EPIC Contact Page

Official Electronic Privacy Information Center contact page with mailing address, phone, and inquiry emails.

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SRC-FALLOW-KNIGHT: Katie Fallow Knight Institute Biography

Official Knight First Amendment Institute biography for deputy litigation director Katie Fallow.

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SRC-FBI-SEMENOV: FBI Wanted — Roman Semenov

FBI Wanted poster for Roman Semenov describing charges related to Tornado Cash and listing him as a fugitive.

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SRC-FENWICK-HISTORY: Fenwick & West Firm History Page

Official Fenwick & West page documenting the firm's history and pioneering role in technology law.

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SRC-FENWICK-TECH: Fenwick Technology Transactions Practice Page

Official Fenwick & West practice page describing the Technology Transactions group.

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SRC-FIRE-MISSION: FIRE Mission Page

Official FIRE mission page describing free speech/free thought advocacy, campus emphasis, 1999 founding as Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, 2022 rename, and 501(c)(3) status.

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SRC-FIRE-PRABHAKAR-CASE: FIRE Case Page — Prabhakar v. Hawkins et al.

FIRE advocacy case page describing representation of Florida professor Vinita Prabhakar in a July 29, 2026 federal lawsuit against South Florida State College officials over termination after a literature assignment.

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SRC-FIRE-SUBMIT-CASE: FIRE Submit a Case Page

Official FIRE case-submission page describing the confidential online intake form, Faculty Legal Defense Fund and Student Press Freedom Initiative hotlines, and attorney-client disclaimer.

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SRC-FISA-AMENDMENTS-ACT-2008-CONGRESS: FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-261)

Congress.gov public-law text for the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, enacted July 10, 2008 as Public Law 110-261.

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SRC-FOURTH-AMENDMENT-NOT-FOR-SALE-GOVINFO: S. 1265, Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act of 2021 (117th Congress)

Introduced Senate bill text for the Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act, listing original sponsors and co-sponsors.

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SRC-FRANCE24-DUROV-KAMINSKI-2024: France 24 / AFP — Telegram Boss Durov Charged in France; Lawyer David-Olivier Kaminski Quoted

AFP/France 24 report that French authorities charged Pavel Durov in August 2024 over alleged platform-related offenses, quoting defense lawyer David-Olivier Kaminski.

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SRC-FREENET-HISTORY: Freenet History Page

Official Freenet history page describing Ian Clarke's 1999 Edinburgh origins, the Locutus rebrand to Freenet in 2023, and the spin-off of the original codebase as Hyphanet.

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SRC-FSF-ABOUT: Free Software Foundation About Page

Official about page of the Free Software Foundation describing its worldwide mission.

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SRC-FSF-PRESS: Free Software Foundation Press Information

Official press page of the Free Software Foundation with founding date and mission summary.

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SRC-GNUNET-ABOUT: GNUnet About Page

Official GNUnet about page describing the project as a Free Software stack for secure, decentralized, privacy-preserving networking and stating it remains early alpha despite its age.

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SRC-GOOGLE-ORACLE-JUSTIA: Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc., 593 U.S. ___ (2021) (Justia)

Justia reproduction of the Supreme Court opinion in Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.

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SRC-GRANICK-ACLU-BIO: Jennifer Granick ACLU Staff Biography

Official ACLU biography page for Jennifer Granick documenting her role as surveillance and cybersecurity counsel.

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SRC-GRAPHENEOS-FEATURES: GrapheneOS Features Overview — Duress PIN/Password

Official GrapheneOS features documentation describing the optional duress PIN/password that irreversibly wipes the device and installed eSIMs when entered.

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SRC-GUARDIAN-FREENET-DARK-SIDE-2009: The Guardian — The Dark Side of the Internet (Freenet, 2009)

2009 Guardian feature on Freenet reporting Ian Clarke's refusal to add child-pornography filters on the ground that content filtering would end Freenet's censorship resistance.

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SRC-HAIGH-UWM: Thomas Haigh University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Faculty Profile

Official UWM History Department faculty profile for Thomas Haigh describing his research on the history of computing and information technology.

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SRC-HILL-MARLOW-REVERSE-WARRANTS-2026: The Hill — Chad Marlow Opinion on Reverse Warrants / Chatrie (July 30, 2026)

ACLU senior policy counsel Chad Marlow’s Hill opinion essay arguing that Chatrie v. United States and a Delaware reverse-keyword-warrant bill mark a privacy watershed against reverse (geofence/keyword) warrants.

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SRC-HYPHANET-HOME: Hyphanet Home Page

Official Hyphanet project home page describing the formerly Freenet censorship-resistant peer-to-peer network and its plugins for publishing and spam resistance.

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SRC-HYPHANET-RENAME: Freenet Renamed to Hyphanet

Official Hyphanet announcement explaining that the original Freenet project renamed to Hyphanet in 2023 after Freenet Project, Inc. reused the Freenet name for Locutus.

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SRC-HYPHANET-WOT-README: Hyphanet Web of Trust Plugin README

Official Web of Trust plugin README explaining collaborative spam filtering for Freenet/Hyphanet when censorship cannot remove content and attackers drown it in spam.

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SRC-IEEPA-50-USC-1702-LII: 50 U.S.C. § 1702 — International Emergency Economic Powers (Cornell LII)

Cornell LII page for 50 U.S.C. § 1702, the IEEPA provision authorizing regulation of property in which foreign nations or nationals have interests.

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SRC-IFS-ABOUT-US: Institute for Free Speech About Us Page

Official Institute for Free Speech about page describing its First Amendment political speech litigation and advocacy mission.

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SRC-IJ-ABOUT: Institute for Justice About Us Page

Official about page of the Institute for Justice describing its mission and practice areas.

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SRC-IJ-FIRST-AMENDMENT: Institute for Justice First Amendment Practice Area

Official First Amendment issues page of the Institute for Justice describing its free speech litigation.

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SRC-IRS-SAMOURAI-PLEA-2025: IRS-CI — Samourai Wallet Founders Plead Guilty (July 30, 2025)

IRS Criminal Investigation announcement of guilty pleas by Samourai Wallet co-founders Keonne Rodriguez and William Lonergan Hill.

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SRC-IRS-SAMOURAI-SENTENCE-2025: IRS-CI — Samourai Wallet Founders Sentenced (Nov. 2025)

IRS Criminal Investigation announcement of prison sentences for Samourai Wallet co-founders Rodriguez and Hill.

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SRC-JAFFER-KNIGHT: Jameel Jaffer Knight Institute Biography

Official Knight First Amendment Institute biography for executive director Jameel Jaffer.

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SRC-JEWEL-V-NSA-EFF: EFF Jewel v. NSA Case Page - Supreme Court Rejection

EFF case page documenting the Supreme Court's 2022 rejection of Jewel v. NSA, ending the flagship mass surveillance challenge without a ruling on the merits.

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SRC-JUNGER-ACLU-OHIO: Junger v. Daley ACLU Ohio Case Page

ACLU of Ohio case page documenting Junger v. Daley, 209 F.3d 481 (6th Cir. 2000).

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SRC-JUNGER-CMU: Junger v. Daley Opinion Text (CMU)

Full text of the Sixth Circuit opinion in Junger v. Daley hosted by Carnegie Mellon University.

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SRC-KADEMLIA-PAPER: Kademlia: A Peer-to-Peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric

Foundational 2002 conference paper by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières describing the Kademlia distributed hash table.

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SRC-KAHN-CNRI: Robert E. Kahn CNRI Biography

Official CNRI biography for Robert E. Kahn describing his co-invention of TCP/IP, DARPA Internet program leadership, and founding role at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives.

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SRC-KAY-CHM: Alan Kay Computer History Museum Profile

Computer History Museum fellow profile for Alan Kay describing object-oriented programming, Smalltalk, and personal computing contributions.

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SRC-KHANNA-INTERNET-BILL: Rep. Khanna Releases Internet Bill of Rights Principles Endorsed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Press release from Representative Ro Khanna's office announcing the Internet Bill of Rights principles endorsed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.

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SRC-KNIGHT-ABOUT: Knight First Amendment Institute About Page

Official about page of the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University.

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SRC-KNIGHT-CONTACT: Knight First Amendment Institute Contact and FAQ Page

Official FAQ and contact information for the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University.

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SRC-LA-ACT-185-ASAA: Louisiana Act No. 185 — App Store Accountability Act (2026)

Official Louisiana enrolled Act No. 185 text re-enacting app-store age verification and parental-consent duties with substantive provisions effective July 1, 2027.

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SRC-LEE-ENCRYPTION-BACKDOORS: Encryption backdoors aren't worth the price

Official Senate statement from Senator Mike Lee opposing federal mandates for encryption backdoors.

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SRC-LEE-GOVERNMENT-SURVEILLANCE-REFORM: Lee Introduces Bipartisan Legislation to Secure Privacy Protections for Americans

Press release from Senator Mike Lee's office announcing the bipartisan Government Surveillance Reform Act with Ron Wyden and Zoe Lofgren.

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SRC-LEE-SENATE-BIO: Mike Lee Official Senate Biography

Official U.S. Senate biography page for Senator Mike Lee of Utah, including committee assignments and professional background.

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SRC-LENZ-V-UNIVERSAL-CA9: Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., 801 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2015)

Ninth Circuit opinion holding that copyright holders must consider fair use in good faith before sending DMCA takedown notifications under 17 U.S.C. § 512(c).

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SRC-LESSIG-HARVARD: Lawrence Lessig Harvard Law School Faculty Page

Official Harvard Law School faculty page for Lawrence Lessig.

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SRC-LOFGREN-AARONS-LAW: Lofgren, Wyden, Paul Introduce Bipartisan Bicameral Aaron's Law

Press release from Representative Zoe Lofgren's office announcing the introduction of bipartisan bicameral Aaron's Law to reform the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

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SRC-LWN-GNUNET-INTRO-2005: LWN.net — An Introduction to GNUnet (2005)

2005 LWN.net technical article describing GNUnet's censorship-resistant sharing design, keyword-spam vulnerability, and namespace-based mitigation.

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SRC-MASSIE-ENCRYPTION-AMENDMENT: House Passes Massie Amendment to Strengthen Privacy and Security

Press release from Representative Thomas Massie's office describing a bipartisan amendment to block NIST cooperation with NSA efforts to weaken encryption standards.

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SRC-MCSHERRY-EFF-BIO: Corynne McSherry EFF Staff Biography

Official EFF biography page for Corynne McSherry documenting her role as Legal Director specializing in intellectual property and free speech.

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SRC-MEDUZA-DUROV-FSB-2026: Meduza — FSB Accuses Durov of Aiding Terrorism and Issues International Arrest Warrant

Meduza report, citing Interfax, that Russia's FSB charged Pavel Durov under Criminal Code Article 205.1 Part 1.1 and placed him on an international wanted list for alleged facilitation of terrorist activity via Telegram.

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SRC-MEEKER-ABOUT: Heather Meeker About Page

Official Heather Meeker about page documenting her open source licensing practice and background.

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SRC-MOGLEN-COLUMBIA: Eben Moglen Columbia Law School Faculty Page

Official Columbia Law School faculty page for Eben Moglen.

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SRC-MOGLEN-DSI: Eben Moglen Columbia Data Science Institute Profile

Columbia Data Science Institute profile of Eben Moglen describing his work with FSF and SFLC.

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SRC-OFAC-FAQ-1076: OFAC FAQ 1076 — Prohibitions Resulting from Tornado Cash Designation

OFAC FAQ describing Tornado Cash designation history, SDN identifiers, and guidance on open-source code interactions.

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SRC-OFAC-TC-REMOVAL-20250321: OFAC Recent Actions — Cyber-related Designation Removal (Mar. 21, 2025)

OFAC recent-actions notice documenting removal of Tornado Cash SDN list entries on March 21, 2025.

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SRC-OIR-BOOTSTRAP-PROMPT: OIR Bootstrap Prompt

Internal bootstrap prompt defining the initial OIR mission, principles, repository layout, knowledge model, and workflow.

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SRC-OIR-PROJECT-CHARTER-DOCX: Open Internet Reference Project Charter

Internal Word document containing OIR project charter, research standards, and technical architecture guidance.

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SRC-OIR-ROADMAP-DOCX: Open Internet Reference Roadmap

Internal Word document describing the OIR roadmap, milestone structure, and foundation-phase goals.

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SRC-ORIN-KERR-GWU: Orin Kerr George Washington University Law Faculty Page

Official George Washington University Law School faculty page for Orin Kerr, a leading scholar of computer crime law and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

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SRC-OSI-ABOUT: Open Source Initiative About Page

Official about page of the Open Source Initiative describing its mission and global scope.

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SRC-OSI-HISTORY: Open Source Initiative History Page

Official history page of the Open Source Initiative documenting its founding and development.

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SRC-PACKINGHAM-GOVINFO: Packingham v. North Carolina, 582 U.S. 98 (2017) (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo United States Reports record for Packingham v. North Carolina.

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SRC-PACKINGHAM-JUSTIA: Packingham v. North Carolina, 582 U.S. 98 (2017) (Justia)

Justia reproduction of the Supreme Court opinion in Packingham v. North Carolina.

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SRC-PACKINGHAM-LII: Packingham v. North Carolina, 582 U.S. 98 (2017) (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute full text of Packingham v. North Carolina.

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SRC-PAUL-FISA: Fox News Op-Ed: Sen. Rand Paul — My FISA Reform Amendment Will Keep America Safe

Op-ed by Senator Rand Paul on Fox News describing his FISA reform amendment to protect encryption and Fourth Amendment rights.

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SRC-PAUL-FOURTH-AMENDMENT: Dr. Rand Paul Introduces Legislation to Restore and Protect Americans' Fourth Amendment Rights

Press release from Senator Rand Paul's office announcing legislation to restore and protect Fourth Amendment rights.

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SRC-PERFECT10-V-CCBILL-JUSTIA: Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC, 488 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2007)

Ninth Circuit decision addressing DMCA § 512 safe harbor eligibility and red flag knowledge for online service providers.

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SRC-PERKINS-COIE-TECH: Perkins Coie Technology Transactions & Privacy Law Practice Page

Official Perkins Coie practice page describing the Technology Transactions & Privacy practice group.

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SRC-PERTSEV-ECLI-2024: Netherlands v. Pertsev, ECLI:NL:RBOBR:2024:2069 (East Brabant District Court, May 14, 2024)

Dutch district court judgment convicting a Tornado Cash developer of money laundering and imposing a 64-month prison sentence.

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SRC-PERTSEV-RECHTSPRAAK-EN-2024: Dutch Judiciary English News — Tornado Cash Developer Jail Sentence (May 2024)

English-language Rechtspraak.nl news page summarizing the East Brabant District Court conviction of Tornado Cash developer Alexey Pertsev.

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SRC-PUBLIC-KNOWLEDGE-ABOUT: Public Knowledge About Page

Official Public Knowledge about page describing its mission to promote freedom of expression, an open internet, and balanced copyright policy.

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SRC-PUBLIC-KNOWLEDGE-CONTACT: Public Knowledge Contact Page

Official Public Knowledge contact page with phone, fax, email, and Washington, D.C. office address.

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SRC-RAFTO-AGORA-CHIKOV: Rafto Foundation — Agora / Pavel Chikov Prize Page

Rafto Foundation prize page describing Agora as a Russian human rights organization of lawyers and identifying Pavel Chikov as chair.

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SRC-RCFP-CONTACT: Reporters Committee Contact Page

Official Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press contact page with hotline, media, and general inquiry paths.

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SRC-RCFP-WHAT-WE-DO: Reporters Committee What We Do Page

Official Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press page describing pro bono legal services for journalists and First Amendment litigation.

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SRC-REED-BIO: David P. Reed Official Biography

Official biography for David P. Reed describing the end-to-end principle, Internet protocol work, and MIT affiliations.

Cited By

SRC-RENO-V-ACLU-GOVINFO: Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997) (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo United States Reports record for Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union.

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SRC-RENO-V-ACLU-JUSTIA: Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997)

High-confidence public case page for the Supreme Court decision in Reno v. ACLU.

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SRC-RENO-V-ACLU-LOC: Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997) (U.S. Reports PDF)

Library of Congress United States Reports PDF for Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, including the official syllabus.

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SRC-RFC-1034: RFC 1034: Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities

RFC Editor publication describing Domain Name System concepts and facilities.

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SRC-RFC-8446: RFC 8446: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3

RFC Editor publication specifying TLS 1.3.

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SRC-RFC-9293: RFC 9293: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

RFC Editor publication specifying the Transmission Control Protocol.

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SRC-RFERL-TELEGRAM-BLOCK-2018: RFE/RL — Russian Court Orders Telegram App Blocked (2018)

RFE/RL report on the April 2018 Moscow court order blocking Telegram over FSB encryption-key demands, identifying Pavel Chikov as a lawyer representing Telegram.

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SRC-RIVEST-CSAIL: Ronald L. Rivest MIT CSAIL Profile

Official MIT CSAIL profile for Ronald L. Rivest describing his role as Institute Professor and RSA co-inventor.

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SRC-RUSSELL-PROFILE: Andrew L. Russell Professional Profile

Andrew L. Russell's professional profile describing his role at SUNY Polytechnic Institute and scholarship on internet history and open standards.

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SRC-SCHNEIER-ABOUT: Bruce Schneier About Page

Official about page for Bruce Schneier describing his roles, board memberships, and work in security and privacy.

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SRC-SECTION-230-EFF: EFF Section 230 Page

EFF's comprehensive page on Section 230 including legislative history, court rulings, and current threats.

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SRC-SECTION-230-LII: 47 U.S.C. § 230 (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for 47 U.S.C. § 230, the Section 230 intermediary liability protection.

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SRC-SFC-ABOUT: Software Freedom Conservancy About Page

Official about page of Software Freedom Conservancy describing its mission and activities.

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SRC-SFC-APPLY: Applying to Join Conservancy as a Member Project

Official Software Freedom Conservancy page describing how FOSS projects apply for fiscal sponsorship membership.

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SRC-SFC-HOME: Software Freedom Conservancy Home Page

Official home page of Software Freedom Conservancy with mission statement.

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SRC-SFC-PROJECTS: Project Membership in Software Freedom Conservancy

Official Software Freedom Conservancy page describing member project services and membership overview.

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SRC-SFLC-ABOUT: Software Freedom Law Center Team Page

Official team page of the Software Freedom Law Center describing its staff and mission.

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SRC-SFLC-CONTACT: Software Freedom Law Center Contact Page

Official SFLC contact page describing how FOSS projects can request legal advice and other contact paths.

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SRC-SIGNAL-DOCS: Signal Protocol Documentation

Official Signal documentation page listing Signal Protocol specifications including X3DH, Double Ratchet, and related cryptographic protocols.

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SRC-SIGNAL-DOUBLE-RATCHET: The Double Ratchet Algorithm

Official Signal specification for the Double Ratchet algorithm used to derive new message keys in secure messaging sessions.

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SRC-SIGNAL-HOME: Signal Official Website

Official Signal website describing Signal's private messaging service, encryption, nonprofit status, and privacy positioning.

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SRC-SIGNAL-X3DH: The X3DH Key Agreement Protocol

Official Signal specification for the Extended Triple Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol used in secure messaging.

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SRC-STOLTZ-EFF-BIO: Mitch Stoltz EFF Staff Biography

Official EFF biography page for Mitch Stoltz documenting his role as Senior Staff Attorney focusing on intellectual property and open source.

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SRC-TECHCRUNCH-TUNICK-DURESS-2026: TechCrunch — DOJ Accuses American of Wiping Phone with Duress Password (July 24, 2026)

TechCrunch secondary report stating Tunick’s attorneys confirmed GrapheneOS was running on the phone and describing the prosecution under a property-destruction-to-prevent-seizure statute.

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SRC-TECHSPOT-TUNICK-GRAPHENEOS-2026: TechSpot — Prosecutors Charge Atlanta Man After GrapheneOS Phone Wipe (2026)

TechSpot secondary report on United States v. Tunick, covering the alleged GrapheneOS-related phone wipe during an Atlanta airport CBP search, suppression-hearing testimony, and expert commentary on prosecuting wipe features under 18 U.S.C. § 2232(a).

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SRC-TELEGRAM-FAQ: Telegram FAQ

Official Telegram FAQ describing the messaging service and stating that the development team is based in Dubai.

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SRC-TELEGRAM-PRESS: Telegram Press Info

Official Telegram press page describing the messaging service, Dubai base, and Pavel Durov's role as founder, owner, and CEO.

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SRC-TIEN-EFF: Lee Tien EFF Staff Biography

Official EFF staff profile for Lee Tien, Legislative Director and Adams Chair for Internet Rights.

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SRC-TOR-DESIGN-PAPER: Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router

Canonical Tor design paper by Dingledine, Mathewson, and Syverson describing the second-generation onion routing network.

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SRC-TOR-PROJECT-CONTACT: Tor Project Contact Page

Official Tor Project contact page with support, community, security issue, organization, donor, and mailing contact paths.

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SRC-TOR-PROJECT-HISTORY: Tor Project History Page

Official Tor Project history page describing onion routing origins and the organization's nonprofit development.

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SRC-TR-IAN-CLARKE: MIT Technology Review — Ian Clarke Innovator Profile

MIT Technology Review innovator profile on Ian Clarke describing Freenet's anonymous peer-to-peer design and quoting his view that freedom of communication conflicts with copyright enforcement.

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SRC-TREASURY-BLENDER-2022: Treasury Issues First Sanctions on a Virtual Currency Mixer — Blender.io (May 6, 2022)

Treasury press release announcing OFAC’s May 6, 2022 designation of Blender.io as the first sanctioned virtual currency mixer.

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SRC-TREASURY-SEMENOV-2023: Treasury Designates Roman Semenov, Co-Founder of Tornado Cash (Aug. 23, 2023)

Treasury press release announcing OFAC designation of Roman Semenov and describing coordinated DOJ charges against Semenov and Roman Storm.

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SRC-TREASURY-TC-AUG-2022: U.S. Treasury Sanctions Notorious Virtual Currency Mixer Tornado Cash (Aug. 8, 2022)

Treasury press release announcing OFAC’s August 8, 2022 designation of Tornado Cash under E.O. 13694.

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SRC-TREASURY-TC-DELIST-2025: Tornado Cash Delisting (Mar. 21, 2025)

Treasury press release announcing discretionary removal of economic sanctions against Tornado Cash on March 21, 2025.

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SRC-TREASURY-TC-NOV-2022: Treasury Designates DPRK Weapons Representatives; Tornado Cash Redesignation (Nov. 8, 2022)

Treasury press release announcing OFAC’s November 8, 2022 delisting and simultaneous redesignation of Tornado Cash under E.O. 13722 and E.O. 13694.

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SRC-TUNICK-INDICTMENT-2025: United States v. Tunick — Indictment (N.D. Ga. Nov. 13, 2025)

RECAP copy of the one-count criminal indictment charging Samuel Tunick under 18 U.S.C. § 2232(a) for allegedly deleting digital contents of a Google Pixel phone.

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SRC-TUNICK-MOTION-SUPPRESS-2026: United States v. Tunick — Motion to Suppress (Mar. 17, 2026)

Defense motion to suppress statements and evidence in United States v. Tunick, alleging Miranda, counsel, and Fourth Amendment violations during a CBP secondary inspection at Atlanta airport.

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SRC-TX-SB-2420-ENROLLED: Texas SB 2420 — App Store Accountability Act (Enrolled Text)

Official enrolled text of Texas Senate Bill 2420, the App Store Accountability Act, adding Business & Commerce Code Chapter 121 with age verification, parental consent, and developer age-rating duties, effective January 1, 2026.

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SRC-TX-TRIBUNE-SB2420-SCOTUS-2026: Texas Tribune — Supreme Court Lets Texas App Age Verification Law Stay in Effect

Texas Tribune report that the U.S. Supreme Court declined to intervene against enforcement of Texas SB 2420 after the Fifth Circuit stayed a district-court injunction.

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SRC-US-CONST-AMEND-I-LII: U.S. Constitution First Amendment (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

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SRC-US-CONST-AMEND-IV-LII: U.S. Constitution Fourth Amendment (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

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SRC-USC-17-107-GOVINFO: 17 U.S.C. § 107 (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo U.S. Code page for 17 U.S.C. section 107, the fair use limitation on exclusive copyright rights.

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SRC-USC-17-107-LII: 17 U.S.C. § 107

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for 17 U.S.C. section 107, the U.S. fair use statute.

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SRC-USC-17-512-GOVINFO: 17 U.S.C. § 512 (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo U.S. Code page for 17 U.S.C. section 512, the DMCA online service provider safe harbor provision.

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SRC-USC-17-512-LII: 17 U.S.C. § 512

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for 17 U.S.C. section 512, the copyright safe harbor statute.

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SRC-USC-18-1030-GOVINFO: 18 U.S.C. § 1030 (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo U.S. Code page for 18 U.S.C. section 1030, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act provision.

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SRC-USC-18-1030-LII: 18 U.S.C. § 1030

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for 18 U.S.C. section 1030, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act provision.

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SRC-USC-18-2232-LII: 18 U.S.C. § 2232 (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for 18 U.S.C. § 2232, destruction or removal of property to prevent seizure.

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SRC-VAN-BUREN-GOVINFO: Van Buren v. United States, 593 U.S. 374 (2021) (GovInfo)

Official GovInfo United States Reports record for Van Buren v. United States.

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SRC-VAN-BUREN-LII: Van Buren v. United States, 593 U.S. 374 (2021) (Cornell LII)

Cornell Legal Information Institute page for the Supreme Court decision interpreting the CFAA phrase exceeds authorized access.

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SRC-VAN-LOON-5TH-CIR-JUSTIA: Van Loon v. Department of the Treasury, No. 23-50669 (5th Cir. Nov. 26, 2024) (Justia)

Justia reproduction of the Fifth Circuit opinion holding that Tornado Cash immutable smart contracts are not IEEPA property.

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SRC-VIXIE-IHOF: Paul Vixie Internet Hall of Fame Profile

Internet Hall of Fame inductee profile for Paul Vixie describing his DNS protocol work and BIND development.

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SRC-WALSH-EFF-BIO: Kit Walsh EFF Staff Biography

Official EFF biography page for Kit Walsh documenting her role as Senior Staff Attorney working on free speech and coders' rights.

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SRC-WEINSTEIN-BIO: Lauren Weinstein Biography Page

Official biography page for Lauren Weinstein describing his work on ARPANET, PFIR, NNSquad, and the PRIVACY Forum.

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SRC-WEINSTEIN-NNSQUAD: Network Neutrality Squad Announcement

Lauren Weinstein's announcement of the Network Neutrality Squad (NNSquad) as an open-membership effort to keep the internet fair and unhindered.

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SRC-WESSLER-ACLU: Nathan Freed Wessler ACLU Staff Biography

Official ACLU biography for Nathan Freed Wessler, deputy director of the Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project.

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Official Williamson Legal team page for principal attorney Aaron Williamson.

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SRC-WILSON-SONSINI-INTERNET: Wilson Sonsini Internet Strategy and Litigation Practice Page

Official Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati practice page describing the Internet Strategy and Litigation group.

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SRC-WILSON-SONSINI-SOFTWARE: Wilson Sonsini Software Industry Practice Page

Official Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati practice page describing the firm's software industry representation.

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SRC-WIZNER-ACLU: Ben Wizner ACLU Staff Biography

Official ACLU biography for Ben Wizner, Deputy Legal Director and Director of the Center for Democracy.

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SRC-WYDEN-AARONS-LAW: Wyden Introduces Reforms to the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Press release from Senator Ron Wyden's office announcing the introduction of Aaron's Law to reform the CFAA.

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SRC-WYDEN-EARN-IT: Wyden on Reintroduction of the EARN IT Act: Political Attacks on Encryption Will Make Children Less Safe

Press release from Senator Ron Wyden's office opposing the EARN IT Act and warning that it would undermine strong encryption.

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SRC-WYDEN-FOURTH-AMENDMENT-NOT-FOR-SALE: Wyden, Paul and Bipartisan Senators Reintroduce the Fourth Amendment is Not for Sale Act

Press release from Senator Ron Wyden's office announcing the reintroduction of the Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act with Senator Rand Paul and bipartisan co-sponsors.

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SRC-WYDEN-PAUL-SURVEILLANCE-AMENDMENTS: Wyden and Paul Release Joint Amendments, Call For Votes On Proposals to Expand Surveillance Reforms

Press release from Senator Ron Wyden's office describing joint surveillance reform amendments with Senator Rand Paul, including a prohibition on requiring companies to weaken encryption.

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SRC-WYDEN-SECTION-230: Wyden Remarks at Section 230 Briefing Hosted by EFF

Press release from Senator Ron Wyden's office regarding his remarks at an EFF-hosted briefing on Section 230.

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SRC-WYDEN-USA-RIGHTS-ACT: Bipartisan Coalition Introduces USA RIGHTS Act to Reform Secretive Warrantless Spy Program

Press release from Senator Ron Wyden's office announcing the introduction of the USA RIGHTS Act to reform Section 702 surveillance with civil liberties protections.

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SRC-ZIMMERMANN-BIO: Phil Zimmermann Official Biography

Official biography page for Phil Zimmermann describing PGP creation, export investigation, and cryptography awards.

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SRC-ZIMMERMANN-DECLINATION-1996: Phil Zimmermann — PGP Investigation Closed (Jan. 1996 Declination Text)

Zimmermann site publication of the U.S. Attorney declination closing the PGP export investigation without prosecution.

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SRC-ZIMMERMANN-INVESTIGATION-CLOSED: EPIC Alert — Charges Dropped Against Phil Zimmermann

EPIC Alert reporting that federal prosecutors closed the criminal investigation into Phil Zimmermann without filing charges over PGP distribution.

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SRC-ZITTRAIN-HLS: Jonathan L. Zittrain Harvard Law School Faculty Profile

Harvard Law School faculty profile for Jonathan Zittrain describing his appointments in law, public policy, and computer science.

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